In general, the penalty for revoking is either one or two tricks transferred to the other side, depending on the circumstances.
The penalty for a call out of rotation again depends on circumstances. It may be accepted by offender's LHO, in which case there is no penalty. If not accepted, there are different penalties, as I said depending on the circumstances.
I've already dealt with LOOTs and insufficient bids in the other threads you started.
If you have a question about a specific case, David, Jim, or I will be happy to try to answer it. For more general information, the laws are online
here, and they and Larry Harris' excellent
Bridge Directors' Companion are available from both
Baron-Barclay and
The ACBL.